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Oxidative desulfurization of fuels using ionic liquids: A review? ?

Hua Zhao,Gary A. Baker

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 262-279 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1528-0

摘要： Extractive oxidation, wherein aromatic sulfur-containing compounds are extracted and subsequently oxidized to their corresponding sulfones, has proven to be one of the most effective desulfurization methods for producing ultra-low sulfur content fuels. As non-volatile and highly designable solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted considerable attention for the oxidative desulfurization of fuels. In this review, we systematically discuss the utility of ILs in catalytic and extractive oxidation, including their role as extractant, catalyst, or both. We also discuss the challenges facing the use of ILs in this regard, including their relatively high cost and excessive viscosity, as well as their efficiency and stability as catalyst.

关键词： oxidative desulfurization ionic liquids extraction fuels petroleum polyoxometalates

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Latest advances in ionic liquids promoted synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期页码 798-816 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2316-x

摘要： The utilization of sustainable resources provides a path to relieving the problem of dependence on fossil resources. In this context, biomass materials have become a feasible substitute for petroleum-based materials. The development of biomass materials is booming and advanced biomass materials with various functional properties are used in many fields including medicine, electrochemistry, and environmental science. In recent years, ionic liquids have been widely used in biomass pretreatments and processing owing to their “green” characteristics and adjustable physicochemical properties. Thus, the effects of ionic liquids in biomass materials generation require further study. This review summarizes the multiple roles of ionic liquids in promoting the synthesis and application of advanced biomass materials as solvents, structural components, and modifiers. Finally, a prospective approach is proposed for producing additional higher-quality possibilities between ionic liquids and advanced biomass materials.

关键词： biomass materials functional materials ionic liquids synthesis structure-property relationship

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Electrocatalytic reduction of NO to NH in ionic liquids by P-doped TiO nanotubes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 726-734 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2274-8

摘要： Designing advanced and cost-effective electrocatalytic system for nitric oxide (NO) reduction reaction (NORR) is vital for sustainable NH₃ production and NO removal, yet it is a challenging task. Herein, it is shown that phosphorus (P)-doped titania (TiO₂) nanotubes can be adopted as highly efficient catalyst for NORR. The catalyst demonstrates impressive performance in ionic liquid (IL)-based electrolyte with a remarkable high Faradaic efficiency of 89% and NH₃ yield rate of 425 μg·h⁻¹·mg_cat.⁻¹, being close to the best-reported results. Noteworthy, the obtained performance metrics are significantly larger than those for N₂ reduction reaction. It also shows good durability with negligible activity decay even after 10 cycles. Theoretical simulations reveal that the introduction of P dopants tunes the electronic structure of Ti active sites, thereby enhancing the NO adsorption and facilitating the desorption of *NH₃. Moreover, the utilization of IL further suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. This study highlights the advantage of the catalyst−electrolyte engineering strategy for producing NH₃ at a high efficiency and rate.

关键词： nitric oxide reduction reaction electrcatalysis ammonia production phosphorus-doped titania

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Benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquids: a review

QIAO Congzhen, CAI Yonghong, GUO Quanhui

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0045-9

摘要： The introduction of ionic liquids to alkylation process gives a choice for “green production” in the petrochemical and detergent industry. A lot of papers and patents have been published using chloroaluminate ionic liquid as a novel catalyst for alkylation with high reactivity and easy separation from reactants. These included the acidity, characterization, determination and catalysis technologies in batch and continuous operation mode for different scales. According to published data and several results of pilot alkylation,including the authors’ experience,the prospect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids for commercials was also discussed. It has been pointed out that there still are many difficulties and challenges to be overcome for commercial application of the ionic liquid catalyst.

关键词： different petrochemical characterization introduction chloroaluminate

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Deep eutectic ionic liquids based on DABCO-derived quaternary ammonium salts: A promising reaction medium

Muhammad Faisal, Azeem Haider, Quret ul Aein, Aamer Saeed, Fayaz Ali Larik

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 586-598 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1788-6

摘要： Owing to the directional H-bonding, coordination and -stacking abilities, terpyridines have been widely used as supramolecular tectons in molecular architectures, skeletons in molecular devices and metallopolymers, and are gaining importance in medicinal chemistry. In this paper, we have synthesized, characterized and applied deep eutectic ionic liquids (DEILs) based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; triethylenediamine (DABCO)-derived quaternary ammonium salts for the preparation of terpyridines. These DEILs were synthesized through -alkylation of DABCO with haloalkanes (1-bromopentane or 1-bromoheptane) followed by mixing and heating with methanol or polyethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor. The synthesized DEILs were structurally characterized by IR and NMR. The formation of deep eutectic solvent was confirmed by freezing point depression, it composition was investigated through phase diagram, and its thermal stability was determined through differential scanning calorimetry, derivative thermogravimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis studies. Further, theseDEILswereinvestigatedfor theireffectivenesstowards synthesis of 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, 3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridineand 4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridinederivatives through Kröhnke reaction. The results show that these three types of terpyridines can be obtained in reasonable yields (80% 97%) by the one-pot reaction of 2-, 3- or 4-acetylpyridine with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the presence of DEIL as a reaction medium, sodium hydroxide as a base and ammonium acetate as a cyclizing agent. This methodology is highly efficient and cost-effective for synthesis of symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical terpyridines. Importantly, these DEILs can be reused several times without an obvious loss of activity and are non-toxic, low-volatile, biodegradable and highly thermally stable. Therefore, these DEILs as a non-conventional reaction medium for the synthesis of terpyridines provides appealing opportunities to be investigated in the domain of green synthesis.

关键词： terpyridine deep eutectic solvent ionic liquid Kröhnke reaction DABCO

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Preparation of Ni/SiO catalyst in ionic liquids for hydrogenation

FAN Qingming, LIU Yingxin, ZHENG Yifan, YAN Wei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 63-68 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0013-4

摘要： A series of silica supported nickel catalysts were prepared from nickel nitrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate by the sol-gel method with the imidazolium type ionic liquids as solvents. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Their catalytic performances for the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamaldehyde were investigated. The results show that the Ni/SiO catalyst prepared with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-imidazole tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid as solvent exhibits the highest catalytic activity for the reaction. Under the optimal conditions of catalyst dosage (based on the mass of cinnamaldehyde used) 10%, reaction pressure 2 MPa, temperature 373 K and reaction time 2 h, the conversion of cinnamaldehyde and the selectivity to hydrocinnamaldehyde can reach 97.6% and 98.8%, respectively.

关键词： dispersive conversion catalytic 2-hydroxyethyl catalytic activity

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Measurement of activity coefficients at infinite dilution for hydrocarbons in imidazolium-based ionicliquids and QSPR model

ZHU Jiqin, YU Yanmei, CHEN Jian, FEI Weiyang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 190-194 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0035-3

摘要： The separations of olefin/paraffin, aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons or olefin isomers using ionic liquids instead of volatile solvents have interested many researchers. Activity coefficients γ at infinite dilution of a solute in ionic liquid are generally used in the selection of solvents for extraction or extractive distillation. In fact, the measurement of γ by gas-liquid chromatography is a speedy and cost-saving method. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of hydrocarbon solutes, such as alkanes, hexenes, alkylbenzenes, styrene, in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([AMIM][BF]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF6]), 1-isobutenyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([MPMIM][BF]) and [MPMIM][BF]-AgBF have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography using ionic liquids as stationary phase. The measurements were carried out at different temperatures from 298 to 318 K. The separating effects of these ionic liquids for alkanes/hexane, aliphatic hydrocarbons/benzene and hexene isomers have been discussed. The hydrophobic parameter, dipole element, frontier molecular orbital energy gap and hydration energy of these hydrocarbons were calculated with the PM3 semi-empirical quantum chemistry method. The quantitative relations among the computed structure parameters and activity coefficients at infinite dilution were also developed. The experimental activity coefficient data are consistent with the correlated and predicted results using QSPR models.

关键词： cost-saving consistent coefficient measurement separating

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离子液体在金属离子萃取中的研究进展

刘利梅,苏永庆,李琮,贺飞,何永福,钟云

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 187-190

摘要：

介绍了离子液体的定义，发展历史，性质等，重点阐述用于金属离子萃取的离子液体的性质、合成方法和发展方向。

关键词：离子液体萃取金属离子绿色溶剂

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nsted acidic ionic liquids

Xiaomeng WANG, Mingjuan HAN, Hui WAN, Cao YANG, Guofeng GUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 107-112 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0539-0

摘要： Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), -methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([HMIm]HSO ) and -methylpyrrolidone hydrogen sulfate ([HNMP]HSO ), are synthesized and employed as extractants to extract thiophene from model gasoline (thiophene dissolved in -octane). The effect of extraction temperature, extraction time and volume ratio of ILs to model gasoline on desulfurization rates is investigated. Then, the optimal desulfurization conditions are obtained: the ratio of ILs to model gasoline is 1∶1, extraction temperature is 50°C for [HMIm]HSO and 60°C for [HNMP]HSO , extraction time is 60 min. Meanwhile, the desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO for model gasoline is 62.8%, which is higher than that of [HMIm]HSO (55.5%) under optimal conditions. The reason is discussed on the basis of the interaction energy between thiophene and ILs at the B3LYP/6-311++ G(d,p) level. Furthermore, the total desulfurization rate of [HNMP]HSO and [HMIm]HSO reaches 96.4% and 94.4%, respectively, by multistage extraction. Finally, the used ILs can be reused by vacuum drying, and their desulfurization rates are not significantly decreased after recycling 7 times in single-stage desulfurization.

关键词： br?nsted ionic liquids model gasoline thiophene extraction density functional theory

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微波辐射下离子液体［RMIm］PF6（R=P, B, C6）的合成及其电导率研究

何永福

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 92-95

摘要：

在微波辐射下，1－甲基咪唑分别与有机卤盐(1－溴丙烷、1－溴丁烷、1－溴己烷)在80 ℃回流加热10 min，可制得咪唑类离子液体的中间体溴代1－丁基－3－甲基咪唑（［BMIm］Br）、溴代1－丙基－3－甲基咪唑（［PMIm］Br）、溴代1－己基－3－甲基咪唑（［C6MIm］Br），进一步与HPF6在室温搅拌反应4 h，制得憎水性的咪唑类离子液体［BMIm］PF6，［PMIm］PF6和［C6MIm］PF6。对这3种离子液体及其在不同有机溶剂如丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯中的电导率进行测定，发现离子液体的电导率受咪

关键词：离子液体微波辐射电导率 [BMIm]PF6 [PMIm]PF6 [C6MIm]PF6

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The 8th International Congress on Ionic Liquids (COIL-8)

会议日期： 2019年05月13日

会议地点：中国/北京/海淀

主办单位：中国化工学会离子液体专业委员会、中国科学院过程工程研究所

Measurement and correlation of supercritical CO

Hiroshi MACHIDA, Ryosuke TAGUCHI, Yoshiyuki SATO, Louw J. FLOURUSSE, Cor J. PETERS, Richard L. SMITH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 12-19 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0151-3

摘要： Ionicliquids combined with supercritical fluid technology hold great promise as working solvents for developing compact processes. Ionic liquids, which are organic molten salts, typically have extremely low volatility and high functionality, but possess high viscosities, surface tensions and low diffusion coefficients, which can limit their applicability. CO , on the other hand, especially in its supercritical state, is a green solvent that can be used advantageously when combined with the ionic liquid to provide viscosity and surface tension reduction and to promote mass transfer. The solubility of CO in the ionic liquid is key to estimating the important physical properties that include partition coefficients, viscosities, densities, interfacial tensions, thermal conductivities and heat capacities needed in contactor design. In this work, we examine a subset of available high pressure pure component ionic liquid PVT data and high pressure CO - ionic liquid solubility data and report new correlations for CO -ionic liquid systems with equations of state that have some industrial applications including: (1) general, (2) fuel desulfurization, (3) CO capture, and (4) chiral separation. New measurements of solubility data for the CO and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulfate, [bmim][OcSO ] system are reported and correlated. In the correlation of the CO ionic liquid phase behavior, the Peng-Robinson and the Sanchez-Lacombe equations of state were considered and are compared. It is shown that excellent correlation of CO solubility can be obtained with either equation and they share some common characteristics regarding interaction parameters. In the Sanchez-Lacombe equation, parameters that are derived from the supercritical region were found to be important for obtaining good correlation of the CO -ionic liquid solubility data.

关键词： compact processes chiral ionic liquids separations thermodynamic properties equations of state

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Extractive desulfurization of model fuels with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ionic liquid

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第12期页码 1735-1742 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2167-x

摘要： A nitrogen-containing ionic liquid was synthesized using an aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic and an amino acid, and applied to the extractive desulfurization process to remove benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiphene from a model fuel oil. Chemical characterizations and simulation using Gaussian 09 software confirmed the rationality of an ionic liquid structure. Classification of non-covalent interactions between the ionic liquid and the three sulfur-containing contaminants was studied by reduced density gradient analysis. The viscosity of the ionic liquid was adjusted by addition of polyethylene glycol. Under extraction conditions of the volume of ionic liquid to oil as 1:1 and temperature as room temperature, the desulfurization selectivity of ionic liquid followed the order of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiphene (15 min) < benzothiophene (15 min) ≈ dibenzothiophene (10 min). Addition of p-xylene and cyclohexene to the fuel oil had little effect. The extractant remained stable and effective after multiple regeneration cycles.

关键词： extractive desulfurization nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ionic liquid reduced density gradient analysis desulfurization selectivity

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Regularly channeled MXene membranes for ionic and molecular separation

Jingchong Liu, Nü Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 591-594 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1966-1

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Important parameters in plasma jets for the production of RONS in liquids for plasma medicine: A brief

Anna Khlyustova, Cédric Labay, Zdenko Machala, Maria-Pau Ginebra, Cristina Canal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 238-252 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1801-8

摘要： Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are among the key factors in plasma medicine. They are generated by atmospheric plasmas in biological fluids, living tissues and in a variety of liquids. This ability of plasmas to create a delicate mix of RONS in liquids has been used to design remote or indirect treatments for oncological therapy by treating biological fluids by plasmas and putting them in contact with the tumour. Documented effects include selective cancer cell toxicity, even though the exact mechanisms involved are still under investigation. However, the “right” dose for suitable therapeutical activity is crucial and still under debate. The wide variety of plasma sources hampers comparisons. This review focuses on atmospheric pressure plasma jets as the most studied plasma devices in plasma medicine and compiles the conditions employed to generate RONS in relevant liquids and the concentration ranges obtained. The concentrations of H O , NO , NO and short-lived oxygen species are compared critically to provide a useful overview for the reader.

关键词： atmospheric plasma jets liquids ROS RNS plasma-dose